There is a huge stock market running every day behind the formal stock exchanges. This is the market for unlisted shares. Unlisted shares trade Over the Counter or OTC market and in this article, you will read all the crucial details about Unlisted shares.
What are unlisted Shares?
The shares which are not listed on the formal stock exchanges are referred to as unlisted shares/ stocks. For instance, JIO has unlisted shares, OLA has it as well. Similarly, many companies are yet to go public as they do not comply with the requirements for being listed on a formal stock exchange.
Unlisted shares are riskier than listed shares as their liquidity is limited since it is not listed. They are less transparent but with more stable valuations. So, if you can pick an unlisted share that has all the potential to get listed and the company has growth potential, your returns can be amplified enormously from that share.
Is it safe to buy unlisted shares?
Unlisted shares trade over-the-counter (OTC) where buyer and seller of these shares directly trade the instruments and they get connected via some intermediaries. So, this market is not regulated nor organized, and thus trading in unlisted shares bears credit risk. However, unlisted shares are generally traded between companies, big brokerage houses, and HNIs or institutional clients. So, going by the reputation of the market participants of unlisted shares, the risks get minimized. The risk also decreases if you can choose the right intermediary for trading in unlisted shares.
However, the main risk lies in the investment choice itself, that whether the company, whose unlisted shares you are buying will go public or not, the price of shares will increase or it will wind up due to no business. The only option is to do an in-depth analysis of the company’s fundamentals and other factors before investing in any unlisted share.
Additional Read: The Value-add of Wealth Management in a Volatile Macro Climate
Difference between unlisted & delisted shares
Unlisted shares shouldn’t be confused with Delisted shares. Both of these types of shares are completely different. While unlisted shares are those which are not listed on the stock exchanges yet, delisted shares are those which were once listed but dropped out from the listed shares category due to certain reasons.
You can trade and invest in unlisted shares on OTC markets but you cannot invest or trade any delisted shares. Delisted shares are not available on any platform whether it is formal stock exchanges or OTC.
Companies have unlisted shares when they may not have plans for issuing IPO or they do not meet the requirements of SEBI to list the shares on any stock exchange like NSE or BSE. On the other hand, companies have delisted shares when they either do not adhere to any disclosure guidelines provided by SEBI and stock exchanges and thus they get delisted from stock exchanges, or the management of the company wants to delist the company itself.
Unlisted shares valuation
The valuation of unlisted shares is done following the Fair market value (FMV) method. Since they are not on the stock exchange and thus no actual market price exists for unlisted shares, FMV is calculated by the underwriters or the investments bankers.
For calculating the fair market value, the book value of all the liabilities of the company (L) is deducted from the book value of all the assets the company (A) possesses. Then the amount derived is multiplied by the paid-up value (PV) of equity shares and then divided by the total amount of paid-up equity share capital (PE) as per the balance sheet of the company.
FMV = (A-L) * PV/PE
There is another way of calculating the value of unlisted shares and that is DCF or Discounted Cash Flow method. Here all the future cash flows are anticipated and then discounted at a particular rate to get the present value of the shares. However, this method is difficult as all the cash flows are not real but anticipated ones but this method is quite popular amongst the unlisted share investors.
Tax implications
Since unlisted shares are different from listed ones, the tax implications are different as well. Unlisted shares if sold within 24 months, then short-term capital gain tax is applicable on the profits and thus taxed at marginal tax rate. However, if it is sold after 24 months, then long-term capital gain tax will be applicable @20% and you get the benefit of indexation as well. However, the profits are calculated as per FMV until the shares get listed on any formal stock exchange. Once and if the unlisted shares you have purchased get listed on the stock exchange and then you sold your investment, the tax implication will be as listed equity shares only, that is long-term capital gain tax @10% on profits above Rs. 1 lakh without the benefit of indexation.
Additional Read: How Wealth Management is Evolving with Technology
FAQs
You can buy unlisted shares through brokers specialising in unlisted equities or by connecting with the company, its employees, or promoters.
Buying unlisted shares can be rewarding if the company has strong growth potential. However, it comes with higher risk due to limited liquidity and a lack of regulatory oversight.
Yes, once unlisted shares are listed on a stock exchange, you can sell them through the exchange. However, in some cases, there is a lock-in period for pre-IPO investors.
Unlisted shares have several disadvantages, such as:
● Limited liquidity and transparency
● Higher risks due to minimal regulatory oversight
● Potential delays in IPO or exit opportunities
Yes, you can gift unlisted shares. However, transaction charges and GST will apply.
09 December 2024
5 mins read
Previous Post
