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टाटा कॅपिटल > ब्लॉग > कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी वर्सिज प्रायमरी सिक्युरिटी

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कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी वर्सिज प्रायमरी सिक्युरिटी

Collateral Security vs Primary Security

बिझनेस मालक म्हणून, तुम्हाला बिझनेस लोनसाठी अप्लाय करताना सिक्युरिटीच्या संकल्पनेविषयी आधीच माहिती असू शकते. तुम्ही तुमचे लोन ॲप्लिकेशन सबमिट करणारी फायनान्शियल इन्स्टिट्यूशन तुम्हाला रिपेमेंटची हमी देण्यास सांगते. या हमीला सिक्युरिटी म्हणतात.

तुम्हाला माहित आहे का की लोन सिक्युरिटीचे दोन प्रकार आहेत, प्रायमरी सिक्युरिटी आणि कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी आणि या अटी परस्पर बदलू शकत नाहीत? लोन सिक्युरिटी आणि त्याचे प्रकार समजून घेणे तुम्हाला बिझनेस लोन घेताना तुमची संसाधने चांगल्या प्रकारे आयोजित करण्यास मदत करेल. चला त्यांचे महत्त्व आणि महत्त्वाचे फरक समजून घेण्यासाठी लोन सिक्युरिटी आणि त्याचे दोन प्रकार, प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी आणि कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी याविषयी सखोल जाणून घेऊया.

सिक्युरिटी म्हणजे काय?

जेव्हा तुम्ही फायनान्शियल संस्थेकडून लोन घेता, तेव्हा तुम्ही सिक्युरिटी म्हणून मूर्त ॲसेट प्रदान करता. ही मूर्त मालमत्ता (उदा., घर किंवा कार) सुनिश्चित करते की जर तुम्ही लोन रिपेमेंट करण्यास असमर्थ असाल तर लेंडर आर्थिकदृष्ट्या कव्हर केला जातो. सिक्युरिटी नंतर लेंडरचे फायनान्शियल व्याज सुरक्षित करते आणि तुम्हाला वेळेवर लोन रिपेमेंट करण्यास प्रोत्साहित करते.

सिक्युरिटी आवश्यक असलेल्या लोनला सिक्युअर्ड लोन म्हणतात. सिक्युअर्ड लोन्सच्या उदाहरणांमध्ये होम लोन्स, वाहन लोन्स इ. समाविष्ट आहेत. अनसिक्युअर्ड लोन्स, जसे की काही प्रकारचे पर्सनल लोन्स, कोणत्याही सिक्युरिटीची आवश्यकता नाही. तुम्ही सामान्यपणे अनसिक्युअर्ड लोनच्या तुलनेत कमी व्याज रेट्सवर सिक्युअर्ड लोन प्राप्त करू शकता. कारण, सिक्युरिटीसह, लेंडरला प्रतिकूल परिस्थितीत त्यांचे पैसे परत मिळवण्याची खात्री दिली जाते.

सिक्युरिटी लोनमध्ये दोन उद्देश पूर्ण करते. प्रथम, हे सुनिश्चित करते की लोन डिफॉल्ट किंवा इतर प्रतिकूल परिस्थितीच्या बाबतीत लेंडरचे अधिकार सुरक्षित केले जातात. Second, it also acts as a deterrent for the borrower against loan default.

What is primary security?

Primary security is your asset, which is directly associated with the loan. If you are unable to pay back the loan, this asset will be first considered by the lender to recover their money. Some common examples of primary security are the assets for which you take the loan, like a car for a car loan or a house for a home loan, etc. 

Some characteristics of primary security are as follows:

1. Direct relation to loan:

Primary security is the asset or project for which you take the loan. Hence, primary security is directly tied to the loan in this respect.

2. Source of repayment:

If you default, the assets you pledge as primary security are the primary source of loan repayment.

3. Specific form:

Usually, the assets you put up as primary security will be agreed upon by you and the lender when signing the loan agreement.

4. Tangible protection against default:

Primary security is a tangible asset for protection against loan default.

कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी म्हणजे काय?

Now, let’s talk about collateral security. Collateral security, as the name suggests, is additional protection that you offer to the lender if the primary security is insufficient to cover the entire loan amount. Collateral security can take various forms and is not directly tied to the loan. चला उदाहरणाच्या मदतीने हे समजून घेऊया.

Suppose you own a process line and want to add a new machine to your production plant. You approach the lender for a loan. In this case, the machine will become the primary security. If the lender demands additional security, say you put up your company stocks, which become collateral security. 

Some characteristics of collateral security include:

1. Supplementary protection:

In case of loan default, the financial institution will try to recover their money first by using the primary security. Collateral security comes into the picture only when the primary security turns out to be insufficient.

2. Diverse forms:

Collateral security can take many forms, like property, stock options, bonds, vehicles, jewellery, etc.

3. Increased chance of approval:

By providing collateral security, you can increase your chances of loan approval as it provides additional risk mitigation for the lender. To elaborate further, collateral security is like a buffer for the lender. The larger the buffer, the higher the lender’s risk mitigation and the higher the chance of loan approval.

4. Loan and risk specific:

For a particular loan, the collateral security will be decided by the type of loan and your perceived ability to repay it by the lender. Additionally, some types of loans, like micro-credit or instant loans, do not require any collateral.

Why is collateral security important for business loans?

Understanding how lenders assess risk begins with clarity on primary security meaning and how it differs from additional safeguards. 

In simple terms, primary security vs collateral security explains what directly finances the loan versus what backs it up if repayment fails:

  • Clarifies risk coverage: Primary security meaning refers to the asset created or purchased using the loan, while collateral security offers additional protection beyond the primary security.
  • Strengthens lender confidence: The combination of primary security vs collateral security reassures lenders that multiple layers of protection exist.
  • Improves loan eligibility: Businesses offering collateral security often find it easier to qualify, especially when primary security alone is insufficient.
  • Supports higher loan limits: Collateral security allows lenders to sanction larger amounts than what primary security value alone permits.
  • Leads to favourable terms: Loans backed by collateral often come with better interest rates and repayment flexibility.
  • स्टार्ट-अप्स आणि एमएसएमईंना मदत करते: मर्यादित क्रेडिट रेकॉर्ड असलेल्या व्यवसायांसाठी, जिथे प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी मूल्य कमी असू शकते तिथे कोलॅटरल अंतर कमी करते.
  • जबाबदार लोन घेण्यास प्रोत्साहित करते: जेव्हा ॲसेट्स गहाण ठेवली जातात, तेव्हा बिझनेस अधिक काळजीपूर्वक कॅश फ्लो आणि रिपेमेंट योजना करतात.
  • फंडिंग पर्याय वाढवते: प्रायमरी सिक्युरिटी वर्सिज कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी समजून घेणे कर्जदारांना आत्मविश्वासाने योग्य लोन प्रॉडक्ट्स निवडण्यास मदत करते.

कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी वर्सिज प्रायमरी सिक्युरिटी म्हणून स्वीकारल्या जाणाऱ्या ॲसेट्सचे प्रकार

लेंडरच्या आवश्यकता समजून घेण्यासाठी, बिझनेस लोनमध्ये प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी वर्सिज कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी आणि प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी अर्थ दरम्यान फरक जाणून घेणे महत्त्वाचे आहे. 

सोप्या भाषेत, कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी म्हणजे काय लेंडरची रिस्क कमी करण्यासाठी तारण ठेवलेल्या अतिरिक्त ॲसेट्सचा संदर्भ देते, तर प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी थेट लोन उद्देश शी लिंक केली जाते:

  • स्टॉक आणि इन्व्हेंटरी: प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी अर्थ अंतर्गत, कच्चा माल, तयार वस्तू किंवा लोनद्वारे फंड केलेले वर्क-इन-प्रोग्रेस प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी म्हणून मानले जाते.
  • प्लँट आणि मशीनरी: लोन उत्पन्न वापरून खरेदी केलेले उपकरणे प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी म्हणून पात्र ठरतात, कारण ते थेट बिझनेस ऑपरेशन्सला सपोर्ट करते.
  • प्राप्त करण्यायोग्य आणि बुक डेब्ट: बिझनेस ॲक्टिव्हिटी पासून निर्माण केलेले थकित बिल अनेकदा लेंडरद्वारे प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी म्हणून स्वीकारले जातात.
  • कमर्शियल प्रॉपर्टी: मालकीची दुकाने, ऑफिस किंवा वेअरहाऊस मजबूत ॲसेट बॅकिंग प्रदान करतात.
  • Residential property: Homes or land owned by the borrower or guarantor commonly serve as collateral security.
  • Fixed deposits and bank deposits: These liquid assets are frequently accepted as collateral security due to their stable value.
  • Gold and marketable securities: Gold ornaments, bonds, or shares may be pledged as collateral security depending on lender policies.
  • Personal guarantees: While not physical assets, guarantees often supplement primary security vs collateral security structures.

Understanding which assets qualify helps businesses plan financing more effectively and approach lenders with clarity and confidence.

Differences between primary security and collateral security

1. Priority of repayment

In case of loan default, the priority is given to the primary security to recover the loan amount. If the primary security is insufficient to recover the entire amount, the lender considers collateral security for loan satisfaction.

2. Relationship to the loan

Next on the list of primary security vs. collateral security is the relationship to the loan. Primary security is the financial asset directly linked to the loan. Collateral security is indirectly linked to the loan and provides additional assurance.

3. Liquidation at the time of default

Primary security and collateral security differ in liquidation at the time of loan default. As soon as a loan defaults, the primary asset is immediately sold off or liquified to recover the loan amount. If the entire loan amount is not recovered, the lender then liquefies the collateral security.

4. Legal implication and creditor’s rights

If the borrower declares bankruptcy or defaults on a loan, the primary security is given legal precedence to safeguard the creditors’ rights. Compared to this, collateral security is a lower priority for ensuring creditor’s rights in case of default situations.

When do lenders require collateral security in addition to primary security?

To assess lending risk, banks evaluate primary security meaning and decide whether extra protection is needed. While primary security covers assets created through the loan, understanding primary security vs collateral security explains why lenders may ask for more. 

Here’s when what is collateral security becomes relevant:

  • High loan amounts: When the loan size exceeds the value of primary security, lenders seek collateral security to bridge the risk gap.
  • New or early-stage businesses: Startups often lack strong assets, so collateral security supports loan approval.
  • मर्यादित क्रेडिट रेकॉर्ड: पातळ किंवा विसंगत क्रेडिट प्रोफाईल असलेल्या कर्जदारांना प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी व्यतिरिक्त तारणाची आवश्यकता असू शकते.
  • अस्थिर कॅश फ्लो: हंगामी किंवा चक्रीय व्यवसाय जास्त रिपेमेंट रिस्क निर्माण करतात, ज्यामुळे लेंडरला कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटीची मागणी करण्यास प्रवृत्त केले जाते.
  • अनसिक्युअर्ड लोन कन्व्हर्जन: जेव्हा कर्जदार विद्यमान लोनवर चांगल्या अटी शोधतात, तेव्हा लेंडर तारण सादर करू शकतात.
  • दीर्घ रिपेमेंट कालावधी: विस्तारित कालावधी अनिश्चितता वाढवते, ज्यामुळे कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी आवश्यक होते.
  • उद्योग जोखीम घटक: अस्थिर क्षेत्रातील व्यवसायांना अनेकदा प्राथमिक मालमत्तेच्या पलीकडे अतिरिक्त सिक्युरिटीची आवश्यकता असते.
  • कमक फायनान्शियल रेशिओ: कमी नफा किंवा उच्च लाभ तारण आवश्यकता सुरू करू शकतात.
  • नियामक किंवा अंतर्गत पॉलिसी: काही लेंडर विशिष्ट थ्रेशोल्डपेक्षा जास्त कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी अनिवार्य करतात.

प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी आणि तारण सिक्युरिटीचे उदाहरण

प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी अर्थ समजून घेणे व्यावहारिक उदाहरणांसह सोपे होते जे स्पष्टपणे प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी वि. कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी दाखवतात आणि वास्तविक परिस्थितीत कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी म्हणजे काय स्पष्ट करतात:

  • Machinery purchase loan: A manufacturing unit takes a loan to buy equipment. The machinery itself is the primary security, as it is created from the loan. If the lender also takes the factory land as backup, that land is collateral security.
  • वर्किंग कॅपिटल लोन: A trader borrows funds to manage inventory. The stock and receivables financed by the loan form the primary security. If the business owner pledges a residential property, it becomes collateral security.
  • Vehicle loan for logistics: A transport business buys delivery vehicles using loan funds. The vehicles act as primary security. Any fixed deposit pledged separately is collateral security.
  • Startup term loan: A startup uses funds to build operational assets. These assets represent primary security. Since risk is higher, the promoter’s personal property explains what is collateral security.

Primary security vs collateral security: Checklist before applying for a loan

Before applying for a business loan, understanding primary security vs collateral security from a lender’s perspective helps you prepare assets correctly. This checklist clarifies what is collateral security and what you should assess in advance:

  • Identify the primary asset: Confirm which asset will be created or purchased using the loan and qualifies as primary security.
  • Check asset ownership: Ensure ownership documents for both primary and collateral assets are clear and up to date.
  • Assess asset value: Compare the loan amount with the value of primary security to see if additional collateral may be required.
  • Prepare backup assets: List properties, deposits, or other assets that can serve as collateral security if needed.
  • Review lender policies: Some lenders mandate collateral beyond a certain loan size or risk category.
  • Evaluate repayment capacity: Strong cash flows can reduce reliance on collateral security.
  • Understand legal implications: Know the risks involved when pledging personal or business assets.

विचारांचा समावेश

We hope that now you completely understand primary security and collateral security and their differences. Both primary and collateral security increase risk mitigation for lenders and act as effective deterrents against default.

If you’re a business owner looking for a business loan to expand your business, you might be hesitant to put your personal or professional assets on the line. Keep your assets safe, and consider Tata Capital’s collateral-free business loans.

Tata Capital offers business loans for women with low processing charges and multiple EMI options. So, choose Tata Capital for a business loan, apply and grow your business without worrying about your assets.

लोन विषयी अधिक

सामान्य प्रश्न

बिझनेस लोनमध्ये उदाहरणासह कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी म्हणजे काय?

What is collateral security refers to an additional asset pledged to secure a loan. Example: a business owner offers personal property as backup beyond the loan-funded business asset.

प्रायमरी सिक्युरिटी आणि कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी मधील फरक काय आहे?

प्रायमरी सिक्युरिटी वर्सिज कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी म्हणजे लोन-निर्मित ॲसेट ही प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी आहे, तर स्वतंत्रपणे गहाण ठेवलेली कोणतीही अतिरिक्त ॲसेट ही कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी आहे.

सर्व बिझनेस लोनसाठी तारण सिक्युरिटी देणे अनिवार्य आहे का?

नाही. सर्व लोनसाठी तारण अनिवार्य नाही. अनेक लहान किंवा स्कीम-आधारित लोन्स केवळ प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटीवर अवलंबून असतात किंवा पूर्णपणे अनसिक्युअर्ड असतात.

सिक्युअर्ड लोन्स मध्ये प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी म्हणजे काय?

प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी अर्थ मशीनरी, इन्व्हेंटरी किंवा वाहने सारख्या लोन फंडचा वापर करून खरेदी किंवा तयार केलेली मुख्य ॲसेट आहे.

लोन मंजूर करताना बँका प्राथमिक आणि तारण सिक्युरिटी दरम्यान कसे ठरवतात?

बँका कर्जाच्या रक्कमेचे मूल्यांकन करतात, प्राथमिक सिक्युरिटी अर्थ, कर्जदाराची रिस्क, कॅश फ्लो आणि ठरवा की प्रायमरी सिक्युरिटी वर्सिज कोलॅटरल सिक्युरिटी आवश्यक आहे.