ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ರೆಡಿಟ್ ಸ್ಕೋರ್ ಲೋನ್ ಅನುಮೋದನೆಯ ಅವಕಾಶಗಳನ್ನು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇಂದೇ ನಿಮ್ಮ CIBIL ಸ್ಕೋರ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕ್ರೆಡಿಟ್-ಅರ್ಹತೆ ಹೇಗೆ ಎಂಬುದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಉಚಿತ ಒಳನೋಟಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಿರಿ.
ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ರೆಡಿಟ್ ಸ್ಕೋರ್ ಲೋನ್ ಅನುಮೋದನೆಯ ಅವಕಾಶಗಳನ್ನು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇಂದೇ ನಿಮ್ಮ CIBIL ಸ್ಕೋರ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕ್ರೆಡಿಟ್-ಅರ್ಹತೆ ಹೇಗೆ ಎಂಬುದರ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಉಚಿತ ಒಳನೋಟಗಳನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಿರಿ.
ಪರ್ಸನಲ್ ಫೈನಾನ್ಸ್ ಆ್ಯಪ್, ಸಮಗ್ರ ಹಣಕಾಸಿನ ಅಗತ್ಯಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಒನ್-ಸ್ಟಾಪ್ ಶಾಪ್ - SIP, ಮ್ಯೂಚುಯಲ್ ಫಂಡ್ಗಳು, ಲೋನ್ಗಳು, ಇನ್ಶೂರೆನ್ಸ್, ಕ್ರೆಡಿಟ್ ಕಾರ್ಡ್ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಇನ್ನೂ ಅನೇಕ
Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) refer to loans in which the borrower fails to pay scheduled principal or interest installments for 90 days or more. Since lenders generate revenue from interest on loans, when a loan account doesn’t receive any payments for three months, it is recognized as an NPA (bad debt) because it stops earning income for the lender. If you have an NPA, it can severely damage your credit score, making it tougher or impossible to secure loans or credit facilities in the future, especially at favorable interest rates.
Financial institutions classify loans that haven’t made the scheduled principal or interest payments for 90 days or more as Non-Performing Assets (NPAs).
ದೇಶದ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕಿಂಗ್ ಮತ್ತು ಹಣಕಾಸು ವಲಯವು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರವನ್ನು ವಹಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ಈ ವಲಯವು ವಿವಿಧ ಸವಾಲುಗಳನ್ನು ಎದುರಿಸುತ್ತಿದೆ, ಅವುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದು ನಾನ್-ಪರ್ಫಾರ್ಮಿಂಗ್ ಅಸೆಟ್ಸ್ (NPA) ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ. ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ NPA ಗಳು ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಲ ನೀಡುವ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕಳಕಳಿಯಾಗಿದೆ, ಇದು ಅವರ ಲಾಭ, ಲಿಕ್ವಿಡಿಟಿ ಮತ್ತು ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ ಹಣಕಾಸಿನ ಸ್ಥಿರತೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುತ್ತದೆ. ಆರೋಗ್ಯಕರ ಹಣಕಾಸು ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸಲು ಸಾಲದಾತರು ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಲಗಾರರ ಮೇಲೆ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸದ ಸ್ವತ್ತುಗಳು, ಅವುಗಳ ವಿಧಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಅವುಗಳ ಪರಿಣಾಮಗಳನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು ಅಗತ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ.
What is NPA in a loan?
ವಸೂಲಾಗದ ಸಾಲಗಳು (ಎನ್ಪಿಎ) ಎಂದರೆ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕುಗಳು ಅಥವಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು, ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗಳು ಮರುಪಾವತಿಸದ ಅಥವಾ ಒಂದು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಅವಧಿಗೆ ಬಾಕಿ ಉಳಿದಿರುವ ಸಾಲಗಳು ಅಥವಾ ಮುಂಗಡಗಳು. ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ವಿಸ್ತರಿತ ಅವಧಿಗೆ ಲೋನ್ ಮೇಲೆ ಬಡ್ಡಿ ಅಥವಾ ಅಸಲು ಪಾವತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾಡಲು ವಿಫಲವಾದರೆ, ಲೋನನ್ನು ನಾನ್-ಪರ್ಫಾರ್ಮಿಂಗ್ ಅಸೆಟ್ ಎಂದು ವರ್ಗೀಕರಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಅಥವಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು, ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಆದಾಯವನ್ನು ಗಳಿಸದ ಕಾರಣ ಈ ಸ್ವತ್ತುಗಳನ್ನು ಉತ್ಪಾದಕವಲ್ಲವೆಂದು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಎನ್ಪಿಎಗಳು ಏಕೆ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿವೆ: ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಗಳು, ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಲಗಾರರಿಗೆ ಮಹತ್ವ
The main reason why NPAs are important is that they affect banks, the economy, and borrowers. Here’s the significance of non-performing assets for these three sectors:
Banks: When loans remain unpaid, banks don’t get the interest income they rely on. This affects their financial health and limits their ability to lend. It can also reduce public trust, causing depositors to pull out their money.
Economy: With less money available for lending, businesses struggle to get credit for expansion and daily operations. This slows down economic growth, reduces investment, and can lead to job losses.
Borrowers: To recover losses from unpaid loans, banks may increase interest rates or tighten loan approval rules. This has a serious NPA impact on individuals that makes borrowing more expensive and reduces access to credit.
ಎನ್ಪಿಎಗಳು ಹೇಗೆ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತವೆ?
ಸಾಲದಾತರು ತಕ್ಷಣವೇ ಲೋನ್ಗಳನ್ನು NPA ಗಳಾಗಿ ಲೇಬಲ್ ಮಾಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ; ಅವರು ಪಾವತಿಯಾಗದ ಅವಧಿಗೆ ಕಾಯುತ್ತಾರೆ, ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ 90 ದಿನಗಳು. ಈ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ, ಅವರು ಪಾವತಿ ವಿಳಂಬಗಳಿಗೆ ಕಾರಣವಾಗಬಹುದಾದ ಮತ್ತು ಗ್ರೇಸ್ ಅವಧಿಯನ್ನು ನೀಡಬಹುದಾದ ವಿವಿಧ ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ಪಾವತಿಗಳು 90 ದಿನಗಳವರೆಗೆ ಬಾಕಿ ಉಳಿದರೆ, ಲೋನನ್ನು NPA (ನಾನ್-ಪರ್ಫಾರ್ಮಿಂಗ್ ಅಸೆಟ್) ಎಂದು ವರ್ಗೀಕರಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
Once a loan is classified as an NPA in India, the lender can begin legal recovery proceedings. The lender may issue recovery notices, restructure the loan, or initiate legal action. If the borrower fails to make repayments, the lender can recover dues by taking possession of and selling pledged collateral under applicable laws. The lender can also opt for insolvency proceedings. It differs from case to case.
What are the types of non-performing assets?
Non-performing assets can be categorized into the following types:
Substandard assets
Substandard assets are those with principal and/or interest repayment overdue for more than 90 days but not exceeding 12 months. These non-performing assets pose a higher risk of default and require special attention from the bank to prevent further deterioration.
Doubtful assets
Doubtful assets are those with arrears exceeding 12 months. There is a significant risk associated with recovering these non-performing assets, and banks often need to make provisions to cover potential losses. These assets require intensive monitoring and may require substantial restructuring to recover.
Loss assets
Loss assets are those where the losses have been identified by the bank, internal or external auditors, or the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), but the amount has not been written off wholly. These non-performing assets are considered irrecoverable, and banks must write off the outstanding amount from their books to accurately reflect their true financial position.
What is NPA provisioning?
Provisioning refers to the amount that financial institutions keep aside from their income or profits during a specific quarter for non-performing assets. It is a financial risk management technique used by financial institutions through which they can account for their NPAs and other assets that may become losses in the future.
The provisioning regulations and norms for financial institutions across the country are determined by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). These regulations vary based on the type and size of the NPA, as well as the lender’s location.
According to the RBI’s Master Circular – Prudential Norms on Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances issued on July 1, 2014, the provisioning requirements for the different types of NPAs are as follows:
Sub-standard assets: Banks set aside around 15% of the outstanding loans for sub-standard assets.
Doubtful assets: The provision rates range from 25% to 100% of the secured portion, depending upon the period for which the asset has remained doubtful.
Loss assets: Banks should write off loan assets, providing 100% of the outstanding loan.
NPA provisions affect bank financials. If NPAs are higher, they reduce a bank’s profits because more money must be set aside as provisions. They lower the bank’s available funds for fresh lending and weaken asset quality. They can also affect key financial ratios, investor confidence, and overall profitability.
What are the differences between gross and net non-performing assets?
Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) and Net Non-Performing Assets (NNPA) are two important measures of a bank’s asset quality. Together, these ratios help investors, regulators, and borrowers assess a bank’s financial health and its ability to manage credit risk.
The table below outlines the differences between the GNPA and the NNPA.
ಬೇಸಿಕ್ಸ್
Gross NPA (GNPA)
Net NPA (NNPA)
ಅರ್ಥ
Total value of loans classified as NPAs before deducting provisions.
Value of NPAs remaining after deducting provisions made by the bank.
GNPA/NNPA Ratio definition
GNPA Ratio measures the percentage of a bank’s total advances that have become non-performing assets. It indicates the overall level of bad loans in the loan portfolio.
NNPA Ratio measures the percentage of net advances that remain non-performing assets after deducting provisions. It reflects the bank’s actual credit risk after accounting for expected losses.
ಫಾರ್ಮುಲಾ
GNPA Ratio = (Gross NPAs / Gross Advances) × 100
NNPA Ratio = (Net NPAs / Net Advances) × 100 where Net NPAs = Gross NPAs − Provisions
What it indicates
Overall level of bad loans in the loan portfolio.
Actual credit risk after accounting for expected losses.
Provision adjustment
There are no adjustments for provisions.
Adjustments are made based on the provisions set aside by the bank.
A higher ratio indicates
If the ratio is high, it means more loans have become non-performing assets.
A higher ratio means greater residual credit risk and lower asset quality.
Used by
Regulators, analysts, and investors use GNPA to measure gross asset quality
Investors and analysts used NNPA to evaluate the bank’s financial strength after provisioning
ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಮೌಲ್ಯ
Higher than NNPA.
Lower than GNPA because provisions reduce the outstanding bad loan amount.
When businesses fail to repay their loans due to factors like economic downturns or mismanagement, their loans become NPAs. For instance, if a manufacturing company defaults on its loan payments due to a decline in demand, the loan becomes an NPA.
A real-life example of a corporate NPA involves Essar Steel. The company defaulted on over Rs. 49,000 crore to a syndicate of lenders led by the State Bank of India (SBI). As a result, the company’s reputation was damaged, and it underwent insolvency proceedings.
Loans extended to farmers can Agricultural loans
turn into NPAs if borrowers fail to repay them, often due to crop failure or natural disasters. This is a significant issue in India, where agriculture is crucial to the economy.
For example, a farmer in Karnal, Haryana, secured a loan worth Rs. 50 lakh at 9.5% interest per annum. However, the farmer defaulted on payments after 3 years due to market volatility, weather stocks, and a lack of post-disaster financial restructuring.
In the case of an agricultural NPA, farmers may lose access to fresh agricultural credit and face financial stress. They may have to deal with recovery action where applicable.
ರಿಟೇಲ್ ಲೋನ್ಗಳು
Personal, home, and vehicle loans can also become NPAs if borrowers default. Common reasons include job loss or medical emergencies. For example, if an individual fails to repay their home loan due to unemployment, it becomes an NPA.
If you have an NPA, you may experience a decline in your credit score, making it harder to obtain future loans or credit cards. You may also face penalty charges, recovery proceedings, and repossession of collateral in the case of secured loans.
Banks use several NPA recovery processes to reduce losses and bring defaulted loans back on track. One common step is to talk to the borrower and adjust the loan terms. For example, giving more time to repay or lowering the interest rate. This helps make the loan manageable. If this doesn’t work, banks may hire recovery agents or take legal action as part of their NPA resolution strategies.
They also rely on legal frameworks like the SARFAESI Act, Debt Recovery Tribunal
nals, Lok Adalats, and the Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) system to speed up how banks deal with NPAs. Another method is selling bad loans to Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs), which buy NPAs at a lower value and try to recover the money themselves.
How are NPAs calculated?
NPA ಗಳ ಮಟ್ಟವನ್ನು ಅಳೆಯಲು ಮತ್ತು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಾಡಲು ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಗಳು ವಿವಿಧ ಅನುಪಾತಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸುತ್ತವೆ. ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುವ ಅನುಪಾತವು ಒಟ್ಟು NPA ಅನುಪಾತವಾಗಿದೆ, ಇದನ್ನು ಈ ಕೆಳಗಿನಂತೆ ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಹಾಕಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ:
ಒಟ್ಟು NPA ಅನುಪಾತ = (ಒಟ್ಟು ಎನ್ಪಿಎಗಳು / ಒಟ್ಟು ಲೋನ್ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಮುಂಗಡಗಳು) × 100
Gross NPAs refer to the total outstanding principal amount of non-performing assets, while Gross Advances represent the total outstanding loans and advances made by the bank.
Now that we understand what are non-performing assets, the question arises: what are the factors that can lead to an NPA?
Which factors lead to an NPA?
ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸದ ಸ್ವತ್ತುಗಳ ರಚನೆಗೆ ಹಲವಾರು ಅಂಶಗಳು ಕೊಡುಗೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತವೆ:
ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಕುಸಿತದ ಅವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಬಿಸಿನೆಸ್ಗಳು ಹಣಕಾಸಿನ ತೊಂದರೆಗಳನ್ನು ಎದುರಿಸಬಹುದು, ಇದು ಲೋನ್ ಡೀಫಾಲ್ಟ್ಗಳಿಗೆ ಕಾರಣವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟಪಡಿಸಿದ ಉದ್ದೇಶಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊರತುಪಡಿಸಿ ಇತರ ಉದ್ದೇಶಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಹಣವನ್ನು ತಿರುಗಿಸಿದರೆ ಲೋನ್ ಅಗ್ರೀಮೆಂಟ್, ಇದು ಲೋನ್ ಡೀಫಾಲ್ಟ್ಗಳಿಗೆ ಕಾರಣವಾಗಬಹುದು.
Poor management practices, lack of planning, and inefficient resource utilization can lead to business failures and, consequently, loan defaults.
Natural disasters, like earthquakes, droughts, or floods, can adversely impact borrowers’ ability to repay their loans.
Changes in government policies, such as taxation, interest rates, or regulations, can impact borrowers’ financial performance and their ability to repay loans.
What is the impact of NPAs?
Non-performing assets can have significant consequences across various sectors:
On the Indian economy
High NPAs strain banks’ financial health, limiting their ability to lend and hampering economic growth by reducing credit flow to businesses.
On creditors
NPAs cause banks financial losses and reduced profitability, erode investor confidence, and hinder their capacity to raise capital from the market.
On debtors
Borrowers face higher borrowing costs as banks raise interest rates to offset NPA losses. This limits funding opportunities for viable projects, hampering economic development and job creation.
Non-performing assets (NPAs) are a significant concern for the banking and financial sector in India. They affect the profitability and stability of lending institutions and have far-reaching consequences for borrowers and the overall economy. Addressing the issue of NPAs requires a concerted effort from both lenders and borrowers.
Banks and financial institutions must strengthen their risk management practices, conduct thorough credit assessments, and implement effective recovery mechanisms. Borrowers, on the other hand, should prioritize timely loan repayment to maintain a good credit history and avoid legal consequences.
At Tata Capital, we offer personal loans with a flexible tenure of up to 6 years and customized loan amounts ranging from Rs. 75,000 to Rs. 35 lakhs. This allows you to select a tenure and loan amount you can repay comfortably without straining your budget. Moreover, our small personal loans feature a hassle-free online application process and competitive personal loan interest rates.
When a loan becomes a Non-Performing Asset (NPA), the lender stops receiving interest as income and begins recovery efforts. The lender may restructure the account, take legal action, or sell the pledged collateral to recover the outstanding loan amount.
How do lenders deal with an NPA?
ಮೊತ್ತವನ್ನು ಮರುಪಡೆಯಲು ಪ್ರಯತ್ನಿಸುವುದು, ಆಸ್ತಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕಂಪನಿಗೆ NPA ಮಾರಾಟ ಮಾಡುವುದು ಅಥವಾ NPA ಮರುರಚನೆ ಮಾಡುವಂತಹ NPA ಗಳನ್ನು ನಿಭಾಯಿಸಲು ಸಾಲದಾತರು ಅನೇಕ ಮಾರ್ಗಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
ನನ್ನ ಅಕೌಂಟ್ NPA ಆಗಿದ್ದರೆ ಏನಾಗುತ್ತದೆ?
If your account becomes NPA, the financial institution is required to report it to credit information companies. This could negatively impact your credit score.
ಎನ್ಪಿಎಗೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ ಏನು?
Formal notices are sent out after 60 days of non-payment. Lenders will increase recollection efforts if it exceeds 90 days, and legal action can be taken. Interests and penalties may also arise.
ನನ್ನ NPA ಖಾತೆಯನ್ನು ನಾನು ಹೇಗೆ ಸೆಟಲ್ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು?
Borrowers must contact their lenders and express their willingness to settle a debt. They must also provide information about their financial situation and negotiate a settlement amount.
NPA ಅನ್ನು ಹೇಗೆ ವರ್ಗೀಕರಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ?
NPAs are classified depending on their repayment status. If loans are overdue for more than 90 days, financial institutions will classify them as NPAs.
ಎನ್ಪಿಎಯ ಪೂರ್ಣ ರೂಪ ಏನು?
NPA ಎಂದರೆ ನಾನ್ ಪರ್ಫಾರ್ಮಿಂಗ್ ಅಸೆಟ್. ಇದು ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಅವಧಿಗೆ ಮರುಪಾವತಿ ಮಾಡುವುದನ್ನು ನಿಲ್ಲಿಸಿದ ಲೋನನ್ನು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಎನ್ಪಿಎ ಎನ್ನುವುದು ಲೋನ್ ಆಗಿದ್ದು, ಅದನ್ನು ಸಮಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸರಿಯಾಗಿ ಮರುಪಾವತಿಸಲಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ಬಡ್ಡಿ ಅಥವಾ EMI ಪಾವತಿಗಳು 90 ದಿನಗಳು ಅಥವಾ ಅದಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಮಯದವರೆಗೆ ಬಾಕಿ ಉಳಿದಿದ್ದರೆ, ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಸಾಲವನ್ನು ಅನುತ್ಪಾದಕ ಆಸ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ಗುರುತಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ವಿವಿಧ ರೀತಿಯ ಎನ್ಪಿಎಗಳು ಯಾವುವು?
ಎನ್ಪಿಎಗಳನ್ನು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ನಾಲ್ಕು ವಿಧಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆಃ ಉಪ-ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಸ್ವತ್ತುಗಳು, ಅನುಮಾನಾಸ್ಪದ ಸ್ವತ್ತುಗಳು, ನಷ್ಟ ಸ್ವತ್ತುಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ವಿಶೇಷ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಖಾತೆಗಳು (SMA). ಪ್ರತಿ ವರ್ಗವು ಲೋನ್ ಎಷ್ಟು ಬಾಕಿಯಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅದನ್ನು ಮರುಪಡೆಯುವ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಎಷ್ಟು ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
NPA ಆಗಲು ಲೋನ್ ಎಷ್ಟು ಸಮಯದವರೆಗೆ ಬಾಕಿ ಇರಬೇಕು?
ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ಸತತ 90 ದಿನಗಳವರೆಗೆ ಬಡ್ಡಿ ಅಥವಾ ಇಎಂಐ ಗಳನ್ನು ಪಾವತಿಸಲು ವಿಫಲವಾದಾಗ ಲೋನ್ NPA ಆಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ ಅವಧಿಯ ನಂತರ, ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಲೋನ್ ಅನುತ್ಪಾದಕ ಎಂದು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಒಟ್ಟು NPA (GNPA) ಮತ್ತು ನಿವ್ವಳ NPA (NNPA) ನಡುವಿನ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸವೇನು?
ಒಟ್ಟು NPA ಎಂಬುದು ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಪಾವತಿಸದ ಲೋನ್ಗಳ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮೌಲ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ. ನಿಬಂಧನೆಗಳಾಗಿ ನಿಗದಿಪಡಿಸಿದ ಹಣ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಟ್ಟುಕೊಟ್ಟ ನಂತರ ನಿವ್ವಳ NPA ಉಳಿದಿರುತ್ತದೆ. ನಿವ್ವಳ NPA ಬ್ಯಾಂಕಿಗೆ ನಿಜವಾದ ನಷ್ಟದ ಅಪಾಯವನ್ನು ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ NPA ಅನುಪಾತವು ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೇಗೆ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುತ್ತದೆ?
ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ NPA ಅನುಪಾತವು ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಗಳನ್ನು ದುರ್ಬಲಗೊಳಿಸುತ್ತದೆ, ಸಾಲ ನೀಡುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ವಿಶ್ವಾಸವನ್ನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ಬಿಸಿನೆಸ್ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆಯನ್ನು ನಿಧಾನಗೊಳಿಸುತ್ತದೆ, ಹೂಡಿಕೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಉದ್ಯೋಗಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಋಣಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರಬಹುದು.
ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ತಮ್ಮ ಲೋನ್ NPA ಆಗುವುದನ್ನು ತಪ್ಪಿಸಲು ಯಾವ ಹಂತಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು?
ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ಸಮಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸರಿಯಾಗಿ ಇಎಂಐಗಳನ್ನು ಪಾವತಿಸಬಹುದು, ಅನೇಕ ಲೋನ್ಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದನ್ನು ತಪ್ಪಿಸಬಹುದು, ತಮ್ಮ ಕ್ರೆಡಿಟ್ ಸ್ಕೋರ್ ಟ್ರ್ಯಾಕ್ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು ಮತ್ತು ಹಣಕಾಸಿನ ತೊಂದರೆಯನ್ನು ಎದುರಿಸಿದರೆ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಗೆ ಮುಂಚಿತವಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಸಬಹುದು. ಮರುಪಾವತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಲಭಗೊಳಿಸಲು ಅವರು ಮರುರಚನೆಯನ್ನು ಕೂಡ ಕೇಳಬಹುದು.
ನಿಮ್ಮ ಲೋನ್ NPA ಆದರೆ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಕ್ರೆಡಿಟ್ ಸ್ಕೋರ್ಗೆ ಏನಾಗುತ್ತದೆ?
If your loan turns into an NPA, your credit score drops quickly. This makes it harder to get new loans or credit cards, and lenders may offer higher interest rates due to increased risk.
When does a loan become a non-performing asset?
A loan becomes a Non-Performing Asset (NPA) when the borrower fails to repay the principal or interest for more than 90 days.
What is the 90-day rule for classifying NPAs?
The 90-day rule states that a loan is classified as a non-performing asset if the borrower fails to pay interest or principal for more than 90 consecutive days. Lenders can use this standard to identify stressed loans. Consequently, they can initiate recovery measures.
14 ಜುಲೈ 2026
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