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ಟಾಟಾ ಕ್ಯಾಪಿಟಲ್ > ಬ್ಲಾಗ್ > ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನ: ಅರ್ಥ, ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆ, ಪ್ರಯೋಜನಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸಗಳು

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ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನ: ಅರ್ಥ, ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆ, ಪ್ರಯೋಜನಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸಗಳು

Equitable mortgage: Meaning, process, benefits & key differences

ಸಾರಾಂಶ

ಸಮನಾದ ಅಡಮಾನವು ಡೆಪಾಸಿಟ್ ಮಾಡುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಲೋನ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ ಭದ್ರತೆಯನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುವ ವಿಧಾನವಾಗಿದೆ

ಸಾಲದಾತರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮೂಲ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆ ಪತ್ರಗಳು. ಇದನ್ನು ಹೋಮ್ ಲೋನ್‌ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಲೋನ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ

ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯು ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ ಸರಳ, ತ್ವರಿತ ಮತ್ತು ಕೆಲವಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಕಡಿಮೆ ದುಬಾರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ

ಇತರ ಅಡಮಾನ ವಿಧಗಳು. ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ಆಸ್ತಿಯ ಮಾಲೀಕತ್ವ ಮತ್ತು ಬಳಕೆಯನ್ನು ಉಳಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾರೆ

ಮರುಪಾವತಿ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳ್ಳುವವರೆಗೆ ಸಾಲದಾತರು ಡಾಕ್ಯುಮೆಂಟ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವಾಗ. ಅದರ ಕಾನೂನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು

ನೋಂದಾಯಿತ ಅಡಮಾನಗಳಿಂದ ಚೌಕಟ್ಟು, ಅನುಕೂಲಗಳು, ಅಪಾಯಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸಗಳು ಸಾಲಗಾರರಿಗೆ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು

ಉತ್ತಮ ಹಣಕಾಸಿನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಿ. ಲೋನ್ ನಿಯಮಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಾಪರ್ಟಿ ಡಾಕ್ಯುಮೆಂಟ್‌ಗಳ ಸರಿಯಾದ ರಿವ್ಯೂ

ಯಾವುದೇ ಅಡಮಾನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸುವ ಮೊದಲು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆ.

ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನವು ರೀತಿಯ ಅಡಮಾನ ಆಗಿದ್ದು, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ಆಸ್ತಿಯ ಮಾಲೀಕತ್ವವನ್ನು ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ಫರ್ ಮಾಡದೆ ಲೋನಿಗೆ ಭದ್ರತೆಯಾಗಿ ಸಾಲದಾತರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಾಪರ್ಟಿ ಟೈಟಲ್ ಡೀಡ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಒದಗಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.

ಜನರು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಲೋನ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ, ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಆಸ್ತಿಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಅಪ್ಲೈ ಮಾಡಿದಾಗ, ಸಾಲದಾತರು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಮೊತ್ತವನ್ನು ಅನುಮೋದಿಸುವ ಮೊದಲು ಕೆಲವು ರೀತಿಯ ಭದ್ರತೆಯನ್ನು ಕೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಅನೇಕ ಸಂದರ್ಭಗಳಲ್ಲಿ, ಈ ಭದ್ರತೆಯನ್ನು ಸಾಲಗಾರರ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಡಾಕ್ಯುಮೆಂಟ್‌ಗಳಿಗೆ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ಹೋಮ್ ಲೋನ್‌ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಆಸ್ತಿ ಮೇಲಿನ ಲೋನ್‌ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಇದು ಸಾಲದಾತರ ಹಿತಾಸಕ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ರಕ್ಷಿಸುವಾಗ ಸಾಲ ಪಡೆಯುವ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯನ್ನು ಸರಳಗೊಳಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.

ಈ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯು ಹೇಗೆ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ ಅಥವಾ ಅದರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಬರುವ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅನೇಕ ಸಾಲಗಾರರಿಗೆ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿದಿಲ್ಲ. ಈ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಸಮನಾದ ಅಡಮಾನದ ಅರ್ಥವನ್ನು ನಾವು ವಿವರಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ, ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯು ಹೇಗೆ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ, ಅದರ ಪ್ರಯೋಜನಗಳು, ಮಿತಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ರೀತಿಯ ಅಡಮಾನಗಳಿಂದ ಅದು ಹೇಗೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.

ಸಮನಾದ ಅಡಮಾನ ಎಂದರೇನು?

ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನವು ಒಂದು ರೀತಿಯ ಅಡಮಾನವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ಸಾಲದಾತರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮೂಲ ಆಸ್ತಿ ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆ ಪತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಡೆಪಾಸಿಟ್ ಮಾಡುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಲೋನಿಗೆ ಭದ್ರತೆಯನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಸರಳವಾಗಿ ಹೇಳುವುದಾದರೆ, ಪ್ರಾಪರ್ಟಿ ಮಾಲೀಕರು ಆಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಲೋನ್‌ಗೆ ಅಡಮಾನವಾಗಿ ಇಡಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ ಎಂಬುದರ ಪುರಾವೆಯಾಗಿ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಅಥವಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು, ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಲೀಕತ್ವದ ಡಾಕ್ಯುಮೆಂಟ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ಹಸ್ತಾಂತರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.

ಇತರ ರೀತಿಯ ಅಡಮಾನದಂತಲ್ಲದೆ, ಆಸ್ತಿಯ ಮಾಲೀಕತ್ವವನ್ನು ಸಾಲದಾತರಿಗೆ ವರ್ಗಾಯಿಸಲಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ಲೋನನ್ನು ಮರುಪಾವತಿಸುವಾಗ ಆಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಬಳಸುವುದನ್ನು ಮುಂದುವರೆಸಬಹುದು. ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ, ಯಾರಾದರೂ ಹೋಮ್ ಲೋನ್ ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಂಡರೆ ಮತ್ತು ವಿವರವಾದ ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟರ್ಡ್ ಅಡಮಾನ ಪತ್ರವನ್ನು ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸದೆ ಮೂಲ ಪ್ರಾಪರ್ಟಿ ಪತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಬ್ಯಾಂಕಿಗೆ ಸಲ್ಲಿಸಿದರೆ, ಅದನ್ನು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.

What are the key features of an equitable mortgage?

An equitable mortgage has certain features that make it different from other forms of property mortgages. It is commonly used in home loans and loans against property because the process is comparatively simpler and less expensive. Here are some important features to know:

  • Deposit of title deeds: The borrower creates the mortgage by submitting original property documents to the lender.
  • No transfer of ownership: Even after the mortgage is created, the borrower remains the legal owner of the property.
  • Limited registration formalities: In many cases, a separate registered mortgage deed may not be required, depending on local laws and lender policies.
  • Faster processing: Since the documentation process is usually simpler, equitable mortgages can often be created more quickly.
  • Lower costs: The absence of extensive registration formalities may reduce stamp duty and registration-related expenses in certain cases.
  • Common in selected cities: Under Section 58(f) of the Transfer of Property Act, equitable mortgages are traditionally recognized in certain notified towns and cities, although banking practices and state-specific rules may now vary.

Why are equitable mortgages important in real estate?

Equitable mortgages play an important role in the real estate and lending sector because they make secured borrowing easier for both lenders and borrowers. Since the process mainly involves depositing property title deeds, loans can often be processed faster compared to some other mortgage arrangements. This is one reason why equitable mortgages are commonly used in home loans and loans against property.

This arrangement benefits both borrowers and lenders in different ways. For borrowers, it can help reduce paperwork and borrowing costs. For lenders, it assures the repayment of the loan as the original property documents remain with them until the loan is fully repaid.

How to create an equitable mortgage?

Creating an equitable mortgage requires submitting your property’s title deed to a lender for a loan. It does not require the transfer of property ownership, but only the deposit of the deed.

Here is the step-by-step guide to do so:

1. ಅರ್ಹತೆ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ

First, check your eligibility for a loan that can be secured through an equitable mortgage. The lender’s eligibility criteria may depend on the borrower’s income, property type, credit score, and other factors.

2.    Discuss terms with the lender

If you’re eligible, go ahead and discuss loan terms with the lender before depositing your title deed. You both must agree on a loan amount, interest rate, and repayment tenure, among other parameters.

3.    Deposit the title deed

Now, you can deposit the original title deed with the lender to create an equitable mortgage. This deed will remain with the lender until you have fully repaid the loan amount.

4.    Sign a loan agreement

ವಿತರಿಸಲಾದ ಮೊತ್ತವನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಲು ಲೋನ್ ಒಪ್ಪಂದಕ್ಕೆ ಸಹಿ ಮಾಡಿ. ಸಹಿ ಮಾಡುವ ಮೊದಲು ಅನ್ವಯವಾಗುವ ಬಡ್ಡಿ ದರ, ಲೋನ್ ಅವಧಿ ಮತ್ತು ಗುಪ್ತ ಶುಲ್ಕಗಳನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿ.

ಸಮನಾದ ಅಡಮಾನವು ಹೇಗೆ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ?

An equitable mortgage works through a simple arrangement between the borrower and the lender. When applying for a loan, the borrower submits the original property title deeds to the bank or financial institution as security for the borrowed amount. By depositing these documents, the borrower creates a charge on the property in favor of the lender.

After verifying the property papers and approving the loan, the lender keeps the original documents until the loan is fully repaid. During this period, the borrower can continue to use or live in the property, but the property remains subject to the loan obligation. Once the borrower clears all dues and completes repayment, the lender returns the title deeds and releases the mortgage. If the borrower fails to repay, the lender may take legal steps to recover the outstanding amount by auctioning the mortgaged property.

What are the pros and cons of equitable mortgages?

Equitable mortgage loans offer both advantages and limitations.

Advantages of an equitable mortgage

  • Lower registration and documentation costs in many cases.
  • Faster loan processing compared to some other mortgage types.
  • Borrower continues to retain ownership and use of the property.
  • Less paperwork and simpler formalities.
  • Commonly used for home loans and loans against property.

Limitations of an equitable mortgage

  • Legal enforcement may sometimes involve longer procedures during disputes.
  • Risk of foreclosure if the borrower fails to repay the loan.
  • Original property documents remain with the lender until repayment.
  • Availability and rules may differ across locations and lenders.
  • Property transactions can become difficult while the mortgage is active.

ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಮತ್ತು ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟರ್ಡ್ ಅಡಮಾನದ ನಡುವಿನ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸವೇನು?

The table below depicts the difference between an equitable and a registered mortgage:

ಬೇಸಿಕ್ಸ್ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನRegistered mortgage
CreationCreated by depositing the original title deed with the lender.Created through a formally registered mortgage deed.
Registration requirementRegistration may not always be mandatory, depending on laws and lender policies.Registration with the sub-registrar is compulsory.
ಡಾಕ್ಯುಮೆಂಟೇಶನ್Comparatively less paperwork.Involves detailed legal documentation.
Cost involvedUsually lower due to limited registration charges.Higher because of stamp duty and registration fees.
ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಯ ವೇಗUsually faster.May take more time due to registration formalities.
ಮಾಲೀಕತ್ವದ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆNo ownership transfer takes place.Creates a stronger legal claim over the property through formal registration, often through ownership transfer.
Legal standingValid but may involve additional legal procedures during enforcement.Considered legally stronger due to formal registration.
ಫ್ಲೆಕ್ಸಿಬಲಿಟಿThe process is generally considered more flexible due to simpler documentation and fewer formalities.Loan terms are generally more standardized and less flexible.
ApplicabilityUsed for urgent financing needs.For traditional and regulated mortgage transactions.

What are the key elements of an equitable mortgage?

Here are some key elements that distinguish an equitable mortgage from others:

  • Intent to create security: The borrower must clearly intend to create a mortgage against the property for the loan amount.
  • Property ownership: The borrower should be the legal owner of the property offered as security.
  • Deposit of title deeds: Original property documents are submitted to the lender as proof and security for the loan.
  • Valid property documents: The title deeds should be genuine, complete, and legally acceptable to the lender.
  • Loan agreement linkage: The mortgage is connected to the repayment obligation agreed between the borrower and lender.
  • Notified city requirement: Traditionally, equitable mortgages are recognized in certain notified towns and cities under applicable property laws.

Which legal framework governs equitable mortgages in India?

In India, the concept of an equitable mortgage is primarily governed by Section 58(f) of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882. This provision explains how a mortgage can be created by depositing title deeds with the intention of offering the property as security for a loan. The law also recognizes the validity of such mortgages when the required conditions are met.

Traditionally, equitable mortgages have been applicable in certain notified towns and cities, although banking practices and state-specific rules may differ. Since the mortgage is linked to the original property documents, lenders use it as a legally recognized form of security against the loan amount.

In cases of loan default, lenders may also rely on provisions under the SARFAESI Act, 2002, for recovery proceedings.

Rights over movable and immovable property in mortgages

In mortgage arrangements, both the borrower and the lender have certain rights linked to the property offered as security. These rights can differ depending on whether the asset is movable or immovable and on the type of mortgage involved.

In an equitable mortgage, the property is usually immovable property such as land, a flat, or a house. The borrower continues to use and possess the property even after creating the mortgage. However, the lender gets a legal interest in the property until the loan is fully repaid. The borrower also has the right to recover the original title deeds once all dues are cleared.

In the case of movable assets, rights and enforcement methods may differ because the security involves movable property rather than land or buildings.

ತೀರ್ಮಾನ

An equitable mortgage is widely used in property-backed lending because it provides a simpler, more practical way to secure a loan. By depositing title deeds with the lender, borrowers can access financing while retaining ownership and use of the property. At the same time, lenders receive legal protection against the loan amount.

Understanding how equitable mortgages work, their legal framework, costs, risks, and differences from registered mortgages can help borrowers make more informed financial decisions. Before creating any mortgage, it is always advisable to carefully review the loan terms, property documents, and repayment obligations.

ಲೋನ್‌ಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇನ್ನಷ್ಟು

ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು

ಸರಳ ಪದಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನ ಎಂದರೇನು?

An equitable mortgage is a type of mortgage where a borrower gives the original property title deeds to a lender as security for a loan. The borrower continues to own and use the property while the lender keeps the documents until the loan is repaid.

ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನವು ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾನೂನುಬದ್ಧವಾಗಿ ಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿದೆಯೇ?

Yes, equitable mortgages are legally recognized in India under Section 58(f) of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882. Banks and financial institutions commonly use this mortgage type for home loans and loans against property, subject to applicable laws and lending conditions.  

ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಮತ್ತು ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟರ್ಡ್ ಅಡಮಾನದ ನಡುವಿನ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸವೇನು?

An equitable mortgage is usually created by depositing title deeds with the lender, while a registered mortgage involves a formally registered mortgage deed. Equitable mortgages generally involve lower costs and simpler procedures, whereas registered mortgages follow more detailed legal and registration formalities.

ಸಮನಾದ ಅಡಮಾನವನ್ನು ನೋಂದಾಯಿತ ಅಡಮಾನವಾಗಿ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಬಹುದೇ?

Yes, in some situations, an equitable mortgage may later be converted into a registered mortgage if the lender or borrower wants stronger legal documentation or if additional legal requirements apply. The process and charges can differ depending on state rules and lender policies.

ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಯಾವ ಆಸ್ತಿಗಳು ಅರ್ಹವಾಗಿವೆ?

Immovable properties such as residential houses, flats, apartments, and land are commonly used for equitable mortgages. The borrower should have valid ownership rights and proper title documents for the property being offered as security against the loan.

ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನಕ್ಕೆ ಸ್ಟ್ಯಾಂಪ್ ಡ್ಯೂಟಿ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದೆಯೇ?

Stamp duty rules for equitable mortgages can vary across states. In many cases, the charges are lower compared to registered mortgages because the process mainly involves depositing title deeds instead of executing a fully registered mortgage deed.  

ಸಾಲಗಾರರು ಇಕ್ವಿಟೆಬಲ್ ಅಡಮಾನದ ಅಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಆಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಮಾರಾಟ ಮಾಡಬಹುದೇ?

A borrower may face restrictions while trying to sell a property under an active equitable mortgage because the original title deeds remain with the lender. Usually, the outstanding loan needs to be cleared and the mortgage released before the sale process can be completed.

ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನೋಡಲಾದ ಬ್ಲಾಗ್‌ಗಳು